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| The story of Alexander the Great King of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire, and one of the greatest military leaders of all time. Alexander was born in Pella, the capital of ancient Macedonia, the son of King Philip II, King of Macedonia, and the son of King Olympas, Princess of Epirus. And Aristotle |
King of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire, and one of the greatest military leaders of all time.
Alexander was born in Pella, the capital of ancient Macedonia, the son of King Philip II, King of Macedonia, and the son of King Olympas, Princess of Epirus. And Aristotle was Alexander’s teacher. He gave him a great training in rhetoric, rhetoric and literature, and stimulated his interests in science, medicine and philosophy .. And in the summer of 336 BC. His father was assassinated, and Alexander ascended to the throne. He found himself surrounded by enemies in his own country, and threats from rebels outside. Alexander quickly got rid of all of them by execution! Then he descended into Thessaly (possibly Sicily), where his allies took power, and regained Macedonian rule. Before the end of this summer, he established his status in Greece and was elected by the Legislature in Corinth. In the year 355 BC. Alexander, as the head of the Greeks, launched a successful campaign against the Persians, originally planned by his father, through the Danube. On his return he crushed the Illyrians in one week and then went to Thebes quickly, which was in the stage of revolution. And he took it by force and destroyed it, leaving only the temples of the gods, and the house of the Greek poet Bindar, and he sold the inhabitants who were still alive, who were about 8,000 people, who he sold as slaves. Because of the strength of what happened, the other Greek states came under his control.
Alexander began his war against Persia in the autumn of 334 BC. By crossing the Hellespont with an army of 35,000 Macedonian and Greek divisions; With the heads of armies, and all Macedonians, and Antigonas, Ptolemy, and Seleucas. And he attacked at the Granissus River an army of 40,000 men, and defeated this army, and made it withdraw, and he lost only 110 men, and after this war all the states of Asia Minor submitted to him. During his passage through Briga, he is said to have severed the Gordian knot. As it advanced south, it met the main Persian army, under the command of Darius III, at Issus in northern Syria. The size of his army is not specified, but it was said that it consisted of 500 thousand men, and this is a great exaggeration! And that war ended with a great victory for Alexander. Darius fled from the background of the army north, leaving his mother, wife and children to Alexander !! Who treated them with respect due to their royal lineage. The people of the port of Alexander met with strong resistance, but Alexander defeated them as usual, but after a siege that lasted 7 months! And that was in 332 BC. Alexander conquered Gaza, and crossed it into Egypt, where he was welcomed as Savior! With these victories, he controlled the countries of the eastern Mediterranean region. Then he was founded in 332 BC. The city of Alexandria at the end of the Nile, which then became the cultural, scientific and commercial center of the Greek world.
In the autumn of 331 BC. Alexander went on a tourism trip to the great temple of Amun-Ra, god of the sun in Egypt, whom Zeus meets with the Greeks. The ancient Egyptians believed that the Pharaoh was the son of the god Amun-Ra, and Alexander wanted, as the new ruler of the country, to recognize him as his son. And that journey was very successful, and gave him a sense of divine roots!
And successive invasions and victories over dozens of countries, until the Macedonians themselves began to revolt! And that was in September 325 BC. The failure of the water and the stabs resulted in a great loss to his army. After that, Alexander spent about a year reorganizing his forces and ending his invasions.
Until he reached Babylon in 323 BC. And in June of the same year he developed a fever and died! He left his empire to "the strongest", as he put it ... and this testimony led to half-century conflicts.
Alexander was a great leader, with a great capacity for planning and dexterity in performance and leadership, and he was able within a short period of time to conquer many countries .. He was usually courageous and generous, but he was ruthless and ruthless at other times. He was known to be a drunkard! So much so, that on one occasion he killed Cletus' girlfriend in a fit of rage! And he regretted it a lot.
And shortly before his death, he made Greece worship him as a god! This is because of his nature as a god, as he used to say about himself .. This matter ended with his death.
He called many countries “Alexandria” (about 44 cities), and he took good care of those cities, in terms of sanitation and drinking water. Workers, youth, merchants, and scholars resided in that country, and the Greek culture and language spread in those cities. Consequently, Greek civilization spread and increased its influence, paving the way for Hellenistic civilization and the invasions of the Roman Empire.
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